We want speaking machines because language is the best way to rapidly communicate ideas. Users want their lives made easier and Hollywood wants their 1960s predictions proven right.

But computers don’t work for artificial intelligence (A.I.). Alan Turing, the famous British mathematician, cryptologist and a founding father of today’s computers would have pointed out that they weren’t designed for it.

Computers were designed to compress and duplicate information. They don’t handle A.I. well because they leave too much work to programmers. Programmers were replaced by engineers using statistics in waves of hope from the 1970s, but the results remain inaccurate and limited. A.I. hasn’t scaled and after nearly 60 years of effort, and a new approach is warranted.

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