Major U.S. banks have been rolling out new, secure smart chip debit and credit cards for months, but the real end-user impact hasn’t yet been felt.

Some experts say typical consumers will get confused and may even balk when first attempting to use these new “PIN and chip” smart cards, where a PIN is a personal identification number, and a chip is a computer chip that can be read by a new point-of-sale terminal. As a result, customers may choose to rely on the less-secure magnetic stripe also on the new cards for in-store purchases.

Or, customers could even turn to mobile wallet alternatives, like Apple Pay or the coming Android Pay, and skip the credit and debit card experience altogether.

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